YHWH: The name ” יְהֹוָה”, was written by the Jewish scribes without using vowels because they knew what the name was and how it should be pronounced, it wasn’t until hundreds of years later the Jews started inserting vowel points to indicate vowel sounds. YHWH is God’s personal name without the vowels. There are intelligent arguments made for the pronunciation of YHWH as “Jehovah” and “Yahweh”. The Jews will read YHWH as “Adonai” in order to avoid taking God’s name in vain. All of these examples will refer to Strong’s Hebrew word 03068 which may be rendered as LORD or GOD in our Bibles.
ELOHIM/ELOHIYM: The name ELOHIM is only found in the Hebrew language. The correct meaning of this word is based on context. ELOHIM can be used as plural or a singular based on the associated verb. When ELOHIM is referring to the One True God of Israel it is used with singular verbs, adjectives and pronouns. Elohim in other places refer to false gods, Judges, Angels and rulers. This is Strong’s Hebrew word 0430.
EL: EL is the general designation of deity or god and has connotations of might, strength and power. When “EL” is referring to God as we understand “YHWH” the word EL is combined with other words to form a compound term for God. Some examples are: “The One God”, “The God of Truth”, “The God Who Sees Me”, and “The God of my salvation” (This is just a small sampling for more look at http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Names_of_G-d/El/el.html). This is Strong’s Hebrew word 0410.
ELOWAHH: Like above Elowahh’s exact meaning comes from context although it is mostly used to refer to YHWY. Generally Elowahh is a singular term for God or god. This is Strong’s Hebrew word 0433.
There are other names of God or terms for gods that you will run into but I think this is some of the primary ones. I have not evaluated the theological validity of the following websites but they seem to have some good information on this topic and can be used for further research:
http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Names_of_G-d/names_of_g-d.html
http://www.hebrew-streams.org/works/monotheism/context-elohim.html
